Hippocrates
Hippocrates (460-370 BC) One of the great doctors of his time, Hippocrates prescribed remedies for illnesses which were thought to be caused by an unbalance of four basic elements (earth, air, water, and fire). The goal of medicine was to keep the body’s corresponding humors in balance. For Hippocrates and his followers, life is reducible to 4 elements: earth, air, fire and water. In the body, each of these elements is associated with a bodily fluid (humor). When applied to temperaments, each element has a corresponding personality type. Earth can be seen as phlegm in the body and corresponds to a phlegmatic temperament, which is slow as earth. Air (blood) produces a sanguine (cheerful) temperament. Fire causes yellow bile and a choletic, fiery temperament, but water gives the melancholic sadness of black bile. Although Hippocrates wrote little of the works which bear his name, he emphasized the importance of clinical observation, and the physical (not spiritual) causes of diseases.
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